Azoospermia is the condition in which there are no sperm cells in the semen that comes out of the body during ejaculation in men. Azoospermia can be obstructive, that is, due to obstruction, or non-obstructive, that is, azoospermia that is not due to obstruction. The biggest difference between the two types is that sperm cell …
Azoospermia is the condition in which there are no sperm cells in the semen that comes out of the body during ejaculation in men. Azoospermia can be obstructive, that is, due to obstruction, or non-obstructive, that is, azoospermia that is not due to obstruction. The biggest difference between the two types is that sperm cell production is present in patients with azoospermia due to obstruction. However, sperm production in the testicles is very low or absent in patients with azoospermia that is not due to obstruction.
What are the Treatments for Male Infertility?
Azospermia
Micro Tese
Varicocele
Azospermia and Micro Tese Treatment
The most successful treatment method for azoospermia patients is micro Tese treatment. This method is used in azoospermia patients who do not have obstruction and sperm cells are directly searched for in the testicles and sperm ducts. The probability of finding live sperm cells with microTESE surgery performed by specialist physicians varies between 40% and 60%. During micro Tese treatment, an incision is made in the testicles and sperm cells are searched for directly in the areas where sperm cells are produced through this incision.
Causes of Azoospermia
Azospermia can occur due to many reasons. Azoospermia disappears in some cases with the elimination of these reasons. However, this is not the case for all azoospermia causes. In some cases, azoospermia occurs because sperm production is not possible in men.
1. Hormonal Causes
The place of the Y chromosome is very important in regulating sperm production in men. Therefore, genetic problems affecting the Y chromosome in particular can lead to azoospermia. Radiation and chemotherapy treatments used in cancer treatment can also have negative effects on chromosomes. In azoospermia diseases due to genetic problems, sperm production is almost negligible.
3. Genetic Problems
Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, known as hypo-hypo, is the production of very little or no sex hormones in the testicles. Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism occurs as a result of a problem in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus region. Hypo hypo is also known as gonadotropin insufficiency or secondary hypogonadism. Hypo hypo causes various problems such as delayed puberty, infertility, low bone density and sexual reluctance.
2. Hypo Hypo (Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism)
Some hormonal disorders disrupt the functioning of the testicles and the production of sperm cells. Hormones control the functioning of tissues and organs in the body. Therefore, hormonal imbalances that may occur in individuals also disrupt the way the body works. Low testosterone levels are one of these reasons. There are certain glands in the body that control hormones. The pituitary gland, adrenal glands and thyroid are the building blocks of the hormonal system. Disorders in these glands also lead to hormonal problems.
4. Klinefelter Syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome is the condition in which a male baby is born with an extra copy of the X chromosome. This syndrome is a problem that affects men and is usually not diagnosed until adulthood. In patients with Klinefelter syndrome, the growth of the testicles is negatively affected. The testicles are usually smaller than they should be and therefore testosterone production is also weak. Klinefelter syndrome leads to azoospermia as well as low muscle mass, hair loss and breast tissue growth.
5. AZF Deletions
AZF regions control sperm production on the Y chromosome. These regions also have subsections such as AZFa, AZFb and AZFc. People with AZFa or AZFb deletions have almost no sperm production. For this reason, patients are not even subjected to micro TESE surgery.
6. Azoospermia of Unknown Cause
Azospermia of unknown cause is the most common of all azoospermia types. If the problem causing azoospermia cannot be found as a result of genetic and hormonal tests, patients are evaluated as patients with azoospermia of unknown cause. In these patients, the probability of finding sperm cells with micro TESE surgery is high. In this way, azoospermia patients with unknown cause can also become fathers with assisted reproductive treatments such as in vitro fertilization.
